Computer History

Today in computer history 1985 - The first C++ reference guide is published by Bjarne Stroustrup. Quick links Introduction History of the computer Computer history related questions and answers Apple operating system history Internet history MS-DOS history Microsoft Windows history Processor history Unix, Linux, and variant history Game history Hard drive history Computer people and pioneersComputer companies Introduction In the Computer Hope computer history timeline, you will find a detailed listing of key events that have occurred during the evolution of computers, the Internet, and related technologies. This timeline includes births and deaths of famous computer pioneers, inventions, discoveries, dates computer companies were established, when popular websites came online, and much more. While we would like to believe our research is 100% accurate, Computer Hope cannot claim 100% accuracy. If you know about something we missed or found something wrong, please contact us and let us know. Browse the Computer History Timeline

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Internet History

Year	Event
1960	AT&T introduces the dataphone and the first known MODEM.
1961	Leonard Kleinrock publishes his first paper entitled "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" is published May 31, 1961.
1962	Leonard Kleinrock releases his paper talking about packetization.
1962	Paul Baran suggests transmission of data using fixed size message blocks.
1962	J.C.R. Licklider becomes the first Director of IPTO and gives his vision of a galactic network.
1964	Baran publishes reports "On Distributed Communications."
1964	Leonard Kleinrock publishes his first book on packet nets entitled "Communication Nets: Stochastic Message Flow and Design."
1965	Lawrence G. Roberts with MIT performs the first long distant dial-up connection between a TX-2 computer in Massachusetts and Tom Marill with a Q-32 at SDC in California.
1965	Donald Davies coins the word "Packet."
1966	Lawrence G. Roberts and Tom Marill publish a paper about their earlier success at connecting over dial-up.
1966	Robert Taylor joins ARPA and brings Larry Roberts there to develop ARPANET.
1967	Donald Davies creates 1-node NPL packet net.
1967	Wes Clark suggests use of a minicomputer for network packet switch.
1968	Doug Engelbart publicly demonstrates Hypertext on December 9, 1968.
1968	The first Network Working Group (NWG) meeting is held.
1968	Larry Roberts publishes ARPANET program plan on June 3, 1968.
1968	First RFP for a network goes out.
1968	UCLA is selected to be the first node on the Internet as we know it today and serve as the Network Msmnt Center.
1969	Steve Crocker releases RFC #1 on April 7, 1979 introducing the Host-to-Host and talking about the IMP software.
1969	UCLA puts out a press release introducing the public to the Internet on July 3, 1969.
1969	On August 29, 1969 the first network switch and the first piece of network equipment (called "IMP", which is short for Interface Message Processor) is sent to UCLA.
1969	On September 2, 1969 the first data moves from UCLA host to the IMP switch.
1969	CompuServe, the first commercial online service, is established.
1970	Steve Crocker and UCLA team releases NCP.
1971	Ray Tomlinson sends the first e-mail, the first messaging system to send messages across a network to other users.
1972	First public demo of ARPANET.
1972	Norm Abramson' Alohanet connected to ARPANET: packet radio nets.
1973	Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn design TCP during 1973 and later publish it with the help of Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine in December of 1974 in RFC 675.
1973	ARPA deploys SATNET the first international connection.
1973	Robert Metcalfe creates the Ethernet at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
1973	The first VoIP call is made.
1974	A commercial version of ARPANET known as Telenet is introduced and considered by many to be the first Internet Service Provider (ISP).
1978	TCP splits into TCP/IP driven by Danny Cohen, David Reed, and John Shoch to support real-time traffic. The creation of TCP/IP also helps to create UDP.
1978	John Shoch and Jon Hupp at Xerox PARC develop the first worm.
1981	BITNET is founded.
1983	ARPANET standardizes TCP/IP.
1984	Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel introduce DNS.
1986	Eric Thomas develops the first Listserv.
1986	NSFNET is created.
1986	BITNET II is created.
1988	First T-1 backbone is added to ARPANET.
1988	Bitnet and CSNET merge to create CREN.
1989	On March 12, 1989 Tim Berners-Lee submits a proposal for a distributed system at CERN, which would later become the WWW.
1990	ARPANET replaced by NSFNET.
1990	The first search engine Archie, written by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and Mike Parker at McGill University in Montreal Canada is released on September 10, 1990
1991	Tim Berners-Lee introduces WWW to the public on August 6, 1991.
1991	NSF opens the Internet to commercial use.
1991	On December 1, 1991 the first web server outside of Europe comes online.
1992	Internet Society formed.
1992	NSFNET upgraded to T-3 backbone.
1993	On April 30, 1993 CERN releases the Web source code and makes it public domain. The effect had an immediate effect as the Web experiences massive growth.
1993	The White House and the United Nations come online in 1993 and help start the .gov and .org top level domains.
1993	The NCSA releases the Mosaic browser.
1994	Netscape (Mosaic Communications corporation) is found by Marc Andreessen and James H. Clark April 4, 1994.
1994	Mosaic Netscape 0.9, the first Netscape browser, is officially released on October 13, 1994. This browser also introduces the Internet to cookies.
1994	WXYC (89.3 FM Chapel Hill, NC USA) becomes first traditional radio station to announce broadcasting on the Internet November 7, 1994.
1994	Tim Berners-Lee establishes and heads the W3C in October 1994.
1995	The dot-com boom starts.
1995	The SSL protocol is developed and introduced by Netscape in February 1995.
1995	On April 1, 1995 the Opera browser is released.
1995	The first VoIP software (Vocaltec) is released allowing end users to make voice calls over the Internet.
1995	On August 16, 1995 Microsoft introduces and releases Microsoft Internet Explorer.
1995	On November 24, 1995 HTML 2.0 is introduced in RFC 1866.
1995	On December 4, 1995 Sun Microsystems announced JavaScript and first releases it in Netscape 2.0B3. In the same year they also introduced Java.
1996	Telecom Act deregulates data networks.
1996	Now known as Adobe Flash, Macromedia Flash is introduced in 1996.
1996	The first CSS specification, CSS 1, is published by the W3C in December 1996.
1996	More e-mail is sent than postal mail in USA.
1996	CREN ended its support and since then, the network has ceased to exist.
1997	Internet2 consortium is established.
1997	IEEE releases 802.11 (WiFi) standard.
1998	Internet weblogs begin to appear.
1998	XML becomes a W3C recommendation February 10, 1998.
1999	Napster starts sharing files in September of 1999.
1999	On December 1, 1999, the most expensive Internet domain name, business.com, was sold by Marc Ostrofsky for $7.5 million. The domain was later sold on July 26, 2007 to R.H. Donnelley for $345 million USD.
2000	The dot-com bubble starts to burst.
2003	January 7, 2003 CREN's members decided to dissolve the organization.
2003	On June 30, 2003 the Safari browser is released.
2004	On November 9, 2004 Mozilla releases the Mozilla Firefox browser.
2008	AOL ends support for the Netscape Internet browser March 1, 2008.
2008	On December 11, 2008 Google releases the Chrome browser.
2009	A person under the fake name of Satoshi Nakamoto introduces the Internet currency BitcoinJanuary 3, 2009.
2014	The HTML5 programming language is recommended and released to the public on October 28, 2014 by W3C.

How to Check the Ports in System

If your operating system is Win7 which is equipped with a build-in port detection function, you could use it to detect the processes occupying the ports (such as Port 25).

1) On the opened "Windows Task Manager", click the "Performance" tab, then click the "Resource Monitor" button (Figure 1-1).

Figure 1‑1

2) In the pop up "Resource Monitor" dialogue box, click the "Network" tab, then click the "Listening Ports" tab. After detecting, it is DBMail that occupied the Port 25 and its PID is 3840 (Figure 1-2).

Figure 1‑2

3) In the "Task Manager" dialogue box, click the "Progress" tab, according to the PID 3840 find the "dbmailserver" process. Right-click "dbmailserver", then click "End Process" to close the process which has occupied the Port 25 (Figure 1-3).

Figure 1‑3

Notes:

If PID does not display in the "Task Manager", you can refer to the below steps:

1) On the "View" menu, click "Select Columns" (Figure 1-4).

Figure 1‑4

2) In the pop up "Select Process Page Columns" dialogue box, select the "PID (Process Identifier)" check box, then click the "OK" button (Figure 1-5).

Figure 1‑5

Remove Unexpectedly Installed CCProxy

As a proxy server software, CCProxy sometimes may be used by some hacker, this article introduces you how to remove CC Proxy server software which is installed unexpectedly. Youngzsoft never installed ccproxy to a computer without user permission. Some hackers cracked CCProxy program and installed it to the PC they hacked. so that's why you can find it on your PC. We suggest you checking your system and install the latest packages of Windows. Here is a way to remove CCProxy.
Please go to system task manager, and find out which program has about 16 threads and the file size is between 760K and 1.2M. Search this program file name in your system and delete it.

Shutdown Programs Occupying CCProxy Ports

Sometimes SOCKS/HTTP/FTP/Mail or others would fail to boot through proxy. That is because other programs occupied those proxy ports, resulting in port conflicts.

The First Situation

1) CCProxy would show which program occupied that port. As shown in (Figure 1-1), it is dbmailserver that occupied the Port 25 and its PID is 2900.

 

Figure 1‑1

2) Open Windows Task Manager, click the "Process" tab.

3) With the guidance of PID 2900, navigate to dbmailserver program; right-click it, select "End Process"(Figure 1-2).

 

Figure 1‑2

4) In this way, programs which occupied the server's port can be shut down.

The Second Situation

Assume the port being occupied is 25.

If CCProxy doesn't show the program which has occupied the port, Active Ports can be used for detecting the port.

1) Download and install Active Ports.

2) Run Active ports.

3) The main interface of Active Ports is as shown in (Figure 1-3).

 

Figure 1‑3

Process:Name of the running programs

PID:Process Identifier of the running programs

Local IP:The local IP address used by that program

Local Port:The local port used by that program

4) On the main interface of Active Ports, with the guidance of PID 2900, we find out that it is dbmailserver which occupied the Port 25(Figure 1-4).

 

Figure 1‑4

5) Open Windows Task Manager, click the "Process" tab. With the guidance of PID 2900, navigate to dbmailserver program; right-click it, select "End Process"(Figure 1-5).

 

Figure 1‑5

6) In this way, programs which occupied the server's port can be shut down.

If your operating system is Windows 7, you can also use the build-in port detection. You may refer to this link.

CCProxy Work With Firewall

If there are firewall software installed on server, or the MS firewall enabled on server, you need to setup firewall and allow CCProxy access the network.

Please create an exclusion rule for CCProxy in the firewall. 

CCProxy Start Problem

Port Conflicts

If you get error message likes (Figure 1) when you start CCProxy, it means there is a port conflict problem. Two applications using the same socket port will cause a port conflict.

First of all, make sure that the installed CCProxy is the latest version. If there is some other programs are using the same ports as CCProxy, CCProxy will report proxy service startup failed. CCProxy will report which program is using the same port. You can open the program settings and change the port in using or even stop it, and restart CCProxy when done.

Mail proxy startup failed

It's normally related with the following software on the server -

•     Microsoft IIS SMTP server
•     Other mail server software

If CCProxy reports likes (Figure 1), you can follow the steps at below to solve it.

(Figure 1)

1. Go to Windows "Control Panel", "Administrative Tools" and open "Internet Information Services".
2. Select "Properties" on the right menu of "Default SMTP Virtual Server" (Figure 2).

(Figure 2)

       3. Click "Advanced" button on the properties dialog box (Figure 3).

(Figure 3)

       4. Select the first item and click "Edit" on the advanced dialog box (Figure 4).

(Figure 4)

       5. Change "TCP port" to 26, and click "OK" button (Figure 5).

(Figure 5)

      6. Click "OK" button on the advanced dialog box and properties dialog box.

      7. Restart CCProxy.

SOCKS proxy startup failed

It's normally related with the following software on the server -

•  Other proxy server software

News proxy startup failed

It's normally related with the following software on the server -

• Microsoft NEWS server

Telnet proxy startup failed

It's normally related with the following software on the server -

• Microsoft Telnet server

Port map proxy startup failed

You need check port map settings of CCProxy if there are same local ports or the local ports are conflict with other software on the server.

For more details, please refer to this link.

Why CCProxy Startup Failed 
First of all, download the latest version and upgrade: "Latest Version". 
If there are some other programs are using the same ports as CCProxy ("Default Ports"), CCProxy will report proxy service startup failed. CCProxy will also report which program is using the same port and stop this program with your confirmation. 

For more details, please refer to "CCProxy Start Problem".